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- <text id=91TT0606>
- <title>
- Mar. 25, 1991: Middle East:Ready, Set -- Crawl
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1991
- Mar. 25, 1991 Boris Yeltsin:Russia's Maverick
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- WORLD, Page 43
- MIDDLE EAST
- Ready, Set--Crawl
- </hdr><body>
- <p>Baker sets out on a race for peace in the wake of the gulf war,
- but so far he's the only one who has crossed the starting line
- </p>
- <p>By George J. Church--With reporting by Jon D. Hull/Jerusalem,
- Scott MacLeod/Damascus and Christopher Ogden with Baker
- </p>
- <p> A return to normal in the Middle East would be an
- unqualified disaster. Yet, as U.S. Secretary of State James
- Baker toured the area last week, signs multiplied that after
- the shock of the gulf war the region might already be slipping
- back into its usual catastrophic habits. Renewed violence
- claimed 12 lives--six Israelis, six Arab guerrillas--in the
- 24 hours prior to Baker's arrival in Jerusalem. Israeli
- legislators asserted that the government plans to build as many
- as 11,000 new apartments for Jewish settlers in occupied
- territories, continuing what looks like a de facto annexation
- of the West Bank and Gaza. And in Damascus, Baker and his hosts
- confirmed a sign of a new arms race: Syria had just received
- from North Korea a shipment of 24 Soviet-built Scud-C missiles,
- which have bigger warheads and are more accurate than Iraq's
- Scud-Bs.
- </p>
- <p> It was precisely to get some momentum going toward a
- regional peace settlement before the area relapses totally into
- its old hatreds that Baker set out on his tour. In talks with
- officials from nine Arab nations and the leaders of Israel, the
- Secretary pressed on his hosts the necessity for new thinking
- and a quick start. Moreover, though he proclaimed himself to
- be mainly listening, Baker did put forward some ideas for a
- fresh approach.
- </p>
- <p> A chicken-and-egg problem has long stymied Middle East
- diplomacy: Arab states refuse to recognize Israel until it
- deals with the Palestinians; Israel refuses to deal with the
- Palestinians until Arab states recognize its right to exist.
- To get around that, Baker advanced a two-track proposal:
- parallel contacts between Israel and Arab governments and
- between Israel and Palestinian representatives.
- </p>
- <p> Further, he suggested that they start with small steps or
- "confidence-building measures." Israel, for example, could
- reopen West Bank universities that have been closed for three
- years and ease its harsh policies of arresting and deporting
- suspected Palestinian troublemakers. The Arabs, in return,
- could end their formal states of belligerency against Israel
- (Saudi Arabia, Syria and several other countries are officially
- still at war with what they term the "Zionist entity") and
- call off their boycott of foreign companies that do business
- with the Jewish state. The idea is that if each side could
- overcome its fear of going first and being snubbed, concessions
- might prompt reciprocal concessions and build some momentum
- toward peace.
- </p>
- <p> There is just enough of a new atmosphere that this approach
- might at least be considered. In the wake of Iraq's defeat, the
- clout and credibility of the U.S. is at an all-time high, and
- it is no longer being offset by Soviet troublemaking; Moscow
- has neither the power nor the inclination to keep backing the
- most radical Arab elements. Saudi Arabia promises to come out
- of its shell and take a more active role in regional diplomacy,
- and Syria, a radical state now bidding for increased influence
- without its customary Soviet support, is talking about a new
- commitment to peace. Israel, needing massive aid from
- Washington to help resettle Soviet Jewish immigrants, is newly
- vulnerable to pressure. For all these reasons, nobody replied
- with a flat no to Baker's ideas. Neither side wants to take
- the onus of torpedoing a peace effort before it is properly
- launched.
- </p>
- <p> But every time the talk got around to specifics, Baker's
- hosts retreated to their usual dug-in positions. For example,
- 10 Palestinian nationalist leaders from the occupied
- territories insisted to Baker that the Palestine Liberation
- Organization, which Israel spurns as a terrorist gang, must
- remain their sole representative. Said Faisal Husseini, the
- most prominent Palestinian leader in Jerusalem: "We told him we
- are here because [P.L.O. Chairman] Yasser Arafat told us to be
- here."
- </p>
- <p> The biggest problem is that Israel shows no sign of yielding
- an inch of the West Bank, Gaza or the Golan Heights. The
- crippling of Israel's most formidable foe, Iraq, does not seem
- to have enhanced Jerusalem's sense of security; Israelis are
- still worried about turning over any territory to the
- Palestinians, who loudly cheered Saddam Hussein's Scud attacks
- on Tel Aviv. A new poll shows the public split right down the
- middle on the idea of trading land for peace: 49% for, 49%
- against. And no government is in sight that would even try to
- break the stalemate.
- </p>
- <p> Prime Minister Yitzhak Shamir cannot pay anything more than
- lip service even to his own 1989 plan for elections to choose
- Palestinian leaders, who would negotiate some form of limited
- autonomy. Otherwise his government might well be toppled by
- rightist members who want to annex the territories outright.
- The Labor Party, which accepts the idea of land for peace, has
- never had less popular support. So new elections might well
- return a government even further to the right than the present
- Likud-led coalition.
- </p>
- <p> Baker thus was only being realistic when he asserted, "We
- are dealing with the most intractable problem, I think, that
- there is." He professed nonetheless to be encouraged even by
- the slight progress he made. Said the Secretary: "You have to
- crawl before you walk, and you have to walk before you run."
- But how much time will there be to crawl or walk before the
- Middle East returns to a normality spelled d-e-a-d-l-o-c-k--if not w-a-r?
- </p>
-
- </body></article>
- </text>
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